Uretse ingagi zo mu birunga, ingwe intare, impara n’imparage, amoko y’inyoni utasanga ahandi uretse muri Pariki ya Nyungwe n’izindi nyamasaswa zo muri za Pariki zitandukanye, hari ubundi bukerarugendo bwihariye u Rwanda rufite. Ubwo ni ubw’inzoka.

Uretse kuba wabona imwe cyangwa ebyiri ziri muri parike runaka, mu Mujyi wa Kigali mu Murenge wa Gitega ushobora kuhasanga nyinshi zibungabunzwe ndetse zikorerwaho ubushakashatsi.

Zibungabungirwa mu Ng’iyo y’Amateka n’Umuco ahazwi nko kwa ‘Richard Kandt’,

Uyu Dr. Richard Kandt, yari umuvumbuzi wageze mu Rwanda mu 1898 aje mu bikorwa by’ubushakashatsi birimo gushakisha isoko y’Uruzi rwa Nil.

Yubatse inzu y’ibyatsi yo kubamo i Shangi aho yakorega ubushakashatsi, akayakiriramo n’abashyitsi n’abandi bamisiyoneri.

Uru rugo ruherereye mu Karere ka Nyamasheke mu Murenge wa Shangi, Kandt, yaje kuruvamo ajya kuba i Kigali mu 1907, ubwo yagirwaga Rezida w’u Rwanda.

Ubu habumbatiye amateka ajyanye n’uko Abanyarwanda babayeho mbere y’ubukoloni mu nzego zitandukanye, nk’ubukungu, imibanire, politiki kuva u Rwanda ruhangwa no mu bihe by’ubukoloni.

Uretse ayo mateka, hari n’inzoka zigaragaza uburyo umuntu akwiriye kubana n’ibinyabuzima bitandukanye zirimo iz’ubumara ndetse n’izindi zitaryana.

Imibare igaragaza ko mu Rwanda habarurwa amoko y’inzoka 101, ndetse zirimo amoko arindwi aba afite ubumara bwa bundi ikuruma utajyanwa kwa muganga mu kanya ko guhumbya ukaba witabye Imana.

Mu ngoro yo kwa Richard Kandt habarizwamo inzoka z’amoko 11 zirimo atandatu afite ubumara bukomeye n’ingona imwe ifite imyaka icyenda, bikifashishwa mu kwigisha no kugaragaza uko umuntu n’inyamaswa bikeneranye.

Kuri iyi nshuro IGIHE yatembereye muri iyi ngoro, yerekwa ayo moko y’inzoka abarizwamo ari na yo mpamvu tugiye kuyagusobanurira duhereye ku z’ubumara.

Impiri/Puff Adder

Impiri ni imwe mu nzoka zigira ubumara buhambaye, ikaba mu mukenke cyangwa mu byatsi byo mu byaro mu Rwanda n’ahandi muri Afurika.

Izi nzoka zishobora kuba ari umuhondo, ikigina n’andi, akenshi ikisanisha n’aho iba, aho iri hose imera nk’ikoze inyuguti ya ‘V’ , ikagira umutwe ujya kumera nka mpandeshatu nka kimwe mu bimenyetso.

Iyo uyikanze isa n’imira umwuka hanyuma igasohora ijwi rikanganye.

Mu kubaho kwayo, impiri ikunda gutega izindi nyamaswa, kugira ngo ibone ikiyitunga. Izo harimo inyoni, imiserebanya, inyamabere zose, ibikeri, inzoka ngenzi zayo n’ibindi.

Umukozi uzitaho umunsi ku wundi akaba anazobereye ibijyanye n’ubuzima bw’inzoka witwa Hendrik Hinkel, agaragaza ko abantu benshi bakunze kurumwa na zo, ku mpamvu zirimo ko ziba ahantu henshi no kuba mu bantu benshi batandukanye.

Ati “Icyakora ikintu izi mpiri zizwiho ni uko zikunda kwihanganira umuntu ikamuruma ari uko ayiyenjeho cyangwa akayisagarira mu buryo atazi, kurusha izindi nzoka.”

Hinkel agaragaza ko impiri zigira ubumara buzwi nka cytotoxic buzwiho kwangiza umubiri cyane cyane utunyangingo tw’aho yarumye , ibishobora gutuma umuntu ashobora gucika intoki cyangwa amano kubera ikibazo cy’uko utunyangingo tw’umubiri tuba twapfuye twose ibizwi nka ‘necrosis’.

Ishaba/Forest twig snake

Ni inzoka mu Rwanda ikunze kuba mu mashyamba ya cyimeza, cyane cyane ikaba mu Burengerazuba bw’u Rwanda, aho imara ibihe binini iri mu mashami y’ibiti byaho.

Ishaba cyangwa Ibano nk’uko yitwa mu Kinyarwanda iba inanutse ariko ifite nk’aho twakwita mu muhogo habyibushye.

Ku mutwe wayo haba ari icyatsi, ku murizo hakaba umuhondo ku ngabo ndetse n’icyatsi ku mutwe n’umweru hasi ku ngore.

Iyo igeze mu makuba, ifite ubwoba itangira kwagura mu muhogo hayo mu buryo bwo gukanga uyihiga. Iyi nzoka ikunda kuba mu biti ariko itunze umutwe hasi. Ikunda gutega ibico, umuhigo wayo ukaba ibikururanda, ibikeri, inzoka ngenzi zayo, inyoni n’ibindi.

Bene izo nzoka zigira ubumara buzwi nka ‘hemotoxic’ bushobora kwangiriza amaraso na bimwe mu biyagize. Ubwo bumara bushobora gutuma amaraso mu mubiri avura cyangwa bigatuma aba uruzi ruzi ha handi umuntu ava cyane.

Insana/Black mamba

Insana ni inzoka yica cyane, kuko iyo ikurumye mu minota 20 ubumara bwayo bushobora kuba bukwishe. Yiswe uko kubera ko mu kanwa hayo hasa n’umukara. Ikunda kuhagaragaza cyane yasamye.

Ni inzoka y’inkazi cyane. Iyo ihuye n’umwanzi ihita ihagarara hanyuma igatangira kwirwanaho byihuse ishaka kurumana, ibikora inshuro nyinshi mu kanya nk’ako guhumbya.

Igira ubumara bwitwa ‘neurotoxic’ bwa bundi bwangiza bikabije. Ni ubumara bwihuta cyane bijyanye n’uko imitsi y’iyo nzoka iba ikomeye cyane.

Insana kenshi iba isa n’ivu, cyangwa ikigina cyijimye, ikaba yererana munsi yaho. Ni imwe mu nzoka zifite uburebure mu Isi kuko ishobora kugira metero 4,3. Ibarizwa mu mikenke, mu mashyamba n’ahantu haba ibibuye binini.

Iyo nyamaswa itungwa n’ibinyamabere bito, inyoni n’ibikururanda.

Impiri ifite amahembe/Rhinoceros viper

Iyi nzoka igira ubumara bwica utunyangingo. Ziba zifite uruvangitirane rw’amabara nk’icyatsi, umuhondo, ubururu, umutuku n’umukara.

Zigira imibyimba itandukanye ikamenyerwa ku mahembe yo hejuru y’umunwa wayo ajya kuba nk’ay’inkura.

Ni inzoka iba ifite umutwe ujya kumera nka mpandeshatu. Iyo ihuye n’umwanzi mu buryo bwo kumukanga isohora umwuka mwinshi ubundi ikarekura ijwi rinini cyane.

Ni inzoka udapfa kubona kuko iboneka hake. Mu Rwanda iboneka mu mashyamba yo mu Burengerazuba nko muri Pariki ya Nyungwe. Zikunda kwihisha cyane ku buryo uba ushobora kuyitiranya n’amababi y’ibiti.

Ni inzoka ibaho mu kurema ibico. Ha handi yihisha ahantu nk’akanyamaswa kakanyuraho ikagatungura ikakarya.

Itungwa n’inyamaswa zo mu moko atandukanye nk’inyoni, ibinyamabere, ibikururanda, inzoka ngenzi zazo n’ibisimbagurika nk’ibikeri.

Inshira Kirezi/ Imvubyi Forest Cobra

Inshira ni imwe mu nzoka z’ubumara zirabura ziboneka mu Rwanda. Na yo ifite ubumara bwangiza ubwonko ariko bwo ntabwo bukaze cyane nk’ubw’Insana (black mamba).

Bijyanye n’uko mu minota 20 ubumara bw’insana bushobora kuba bukwishe, ubw’iyi nzoka bwo bushobora kumara mu muntu amasaha 12 bukabona kumwica.

Kugira ngo ikurumire mu ishyamba biba bigoye kuko itinya abantu cyane. Ntabwo ishabutse nk’izindi. Iyo nk’abantu bari kunyura hafi yabo irabahunga ikajya kure.

Mu Rwanda zikunda kuba hafi y’ibiyaga n’imigezi nko ku Kiyaga cya Kivu n’icya Muhazi. Ni inzoka z’intyoza mu koga. Niyo mpamvu inyinshi uzisanga mu mazi menshi.

Kuko zikunda kuba mu mazi birumvikana ko umuhigo wazo ari amafi, inyoni n’amagi yazo, ikarya utunyamaswa tw’indyamizi nk’imbeba n’inkwavu, ibikururanda nk’imiserebanya ibyugu n’ibindi n’izindi nyamaswa ziba mu mazi.

Imbirizi/Gaboon Viper

Ni inzoka ziba zifite amabara atandukanye nk’umweru ikigina na move. Ni inzoka ikura ikaba nini mu mubyimba. Igira umutwe ukozwe nka mpandeshatu, igasohora umwuka mwinshi ndetse ikavuza ijwi risakuza iyo igeze mu makuba.

Ni inzoka ziri gucika mu Rwanda mu gihe zitabungwabungwa mu myaka iri imbere zizaba zivugwa mu mateka gusa.

Ni inzoka ziherukwa kubonwa mu mabanga y’Ikirunga cya Muhabura ahagana mu 1930.

Imbirizi ni inzoka zizwiho kugira amenyo y’imbere maremare kugeza kuri santimetero eshanu, ikanagira ububiko bw’ubumara bwinshi kurusha izindi nzoka zose zo ku Isi.

Ntabwo buri gihe uwo iyi nzoka irumye yicwa n’ubwo bumara bwazo, ahubwo wicwa n’uko umubiri uba utagishoboye kwihanganira uburozi bwawujemo bigatuma umutima uhagarara.

Imbirizi na yo itega umuhigo wayo igico, ikarya ibinyamabere, inyoni, imiserebanya n’ibindi bikururanda nk’inzoka ngenzi zayo, ibikeri n’ibindi.

Uretse izo nzoka zigira ubumara, hari n’izindi zitabugira ziri mu Ngoro yo kwa Kandt zirimo Uruziramire, imwe mu nzoka ndende cyane kugeza kuri metero 6,5, igakunda kuba nk’ahantu hashyuha nko mu Burasirazuba bw’u Rwanda.

Harimo indi izwi nk’incarwatsi, ziba mu bice hafi ya byose by’u Rwanda ikarya ibyatsi, Ikiryambera iba mu bice na byo hafi ya byose by’u Rwanda igatungwa n’ibirimo imbeba, n’izindi.

Amafoto ya IGIHE: Ingabile Nicole

Video: Rwibutso Jean D'Amour