Mu myaka yashize hari amakuru yagiye ashyirwa hanze ahamya ko hari aba-astronauts ba Amerika bageze ku Kwezi hagati ya 1969 na 1972 binyuze mu butumwa bwa Apollo bwa NASA.

Mu gihe ibihugu byamaraniraga kugera ku Kwezi, Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Abasoviyeti zakurikiraniraga hafi imishinga ya NASA, ziza gutangaza ko hari ubutumwa butandukanye bwa Apollo bwagezeyo.

Ikigo cy’ubushakashatsi cya Jodrell Bank mu Bwongereza na cyo cyatanze umusanzu mu kureba uko ibyogajuru bya Apollo byaguye ku Kwezi.

Nyuma mu 2008, ikigo cy’u Buyapani Gishinzwe iby’Isanzure, JAXA, cyakoresheje icyogajuru mu gufata amafoto ya 3D ku Kwezi, agaragaza ibinyemetso by’aho icyogajuru cya Apollo gishobora kuba cyari kiri.

Icyogajuru cya NASA kigenzura kandi kikiga ku Kwezi, na cyo cyatanze igihamya cy’amafoto y’ibisigazwa by’ibyogajuru byahagaze, imashini zifashishwaga mu kuhagendera, ahakandagiwe n’abantu kuko bikigaragara bitewe n’uko ku Kwezi nta mwuka uhaba ngo ubihuhe.

Hari n’inyandiko ibihumbi zigaragaza aya mateka, yaba izo muri Amerika, u Bwongereza, u Buyapani n’ahandi henshi.

Uti ntacyo reka mbyemere! Ariko se kuki noneho ubu batabikora kandi barabigezeho mu myaka 57 ishize? Uti si bwo byagakwiye kuba byoroshye?

Gutekereza ko Amerika yabuze ubushobozi bwo kugera ku Kwezi, bitizwa umurindi no kugereranya ibyagezweho n’ubutumwa bwa Apollo mu myaka ya kera, n’ibiri gukorwa mu butumwa bwa Artemis muri ibi bihe.

Ubu butumwa bugamije gusubiza umuntu ku Kwezi.

Mu myaka ya 1960, NASA yari ishishikajwe no guhangana n’ibindi bihugu mu kugaragaza ubushobozi bwayo [Intambara y’Ubutita], bigatuma ibona inkunga nyinshi aho yagenerwaga 4% by’ingengo y’imari yose ya Amerika.

Mu 1966 inkunga yageze kuri 4,41%, nk’uko bigaragazwa n’Ikigo giharanira Iterambere rya Siyansi ishingiye ku Isanzure, Planetary Society.

Magingo aya, NASA igenerwa munsi ya 0,5% by’ingengo y’imari ya Amerika.

Aya madolari make agomba gusaranganywa mu mirimo yo kubungabunga Sitasiyo Mpuzamahanga mu Isanzure, ISS, no gukoresha utunyabiziga dutembera ku Mubumbe wa Mars.

Hari kandi imishinga yo gukora ubushakashatsi ku mpinduka mu miterere y’ikirere, Bigatuma bigorana cyane kubona inkunga ihagije yo gushora mu mishinga yo gusubira ku Kwezi.

Ikindi ni uko ubutumwa bwa Apollo ahanini bwari bugamije kubaka igitinyiro cy’igihugu, bunashigikiwe na buri politiki yari iriho icyo gihe muri Amerika.

Iyi ntego ikimara kugerwaho, ubushake bwa politiki bwo gukomereza muri uwo murongo bwarashize.

Nk’uko bivugwa muri raporo z’Inzu Ndangamurage ya National Air and Space Museum, intumbero za NASA zakunze guhinduka cyane kuri buri butegetsi bushya muri Amerika mu myaka 50 ishinze.

Hagiye hatangazwa kenshi ko hagiye gushyirwa mu bikorwa ubutumwa runaka, ariko bikarangira amaso yerekejwe ahandi.

Aho hagiye hashyirwa imbere imishinga yo kuri Mars, ijyanye no gusura ibindi bigize isanzure nka ‘asteroids’ n’ibindi bitandukanye.

Uku guhuzagurika kwatumye hatakara igihe ndetse n’umutungo utagira ingano ushorwa mu mushinga wo gusubira ku Kwezi.

Gahunda yo gusubira ku Kwezi ubu iragoye kurusha uko byari bimezi mu 1969, kuko ubutumwa bwa Apollo bwari bugamije kugeza umuntu ku Kwezi akahamara iminsi mike agahita agaruka.

Bwakunze kwitwa ubwo ‘Gushyira ikimenyetso cy’ikirenge ku Kwezi cyangwa ibendera’.

Ubutumwa bwa Artemis bwo nkuko Ikigo gishinzwe iby’Isanzure cyo muri Canada, CSA, kibigaragaza, bugamije gushyiraho uburyo burambye bwo kuba ku Kwezi by’iteka, aho bizasaba kuhukaba sitasiyo ya Gateway.

Iki kigo kivuga ko ubu intego ihari ari ukuhubaka ku buryo haturwa n’abantu, bitandukanye n’intumbero zo ha mbere zo kuhagera gusa.

Mu rwego rw’ubumenyi, NASA ubu irimo gutangirira ku busa kuko ikoranabuhanga ryo mu myaka ya 1960 ahanini ritagikoreshwa.

Inganda zakoraga ibyogajuru bya Saturn V, ibikoresho byihariye byakoreshwaga, n’ubumenyi bwihariye bw’abakozi barenga ibihumbi 400 bagize uruhare mu butumwa bwa Apollo, nta na kimwe kigihari.

Kubera ari ikoranabuhanga rishya riri gukoreshwa ubu, hagomba kubaho igerageza ryaryo ryimbitse.

Amakuru agaragaza ko ingamba zijyanye n’umutekano w’aba-astronauts zakajijwe ku buryo batapfa koherezwa gutyo gusa.

Raporo yo mu 2024 y’Ibiro by’Umugenzuzi Mukuru muri NASA n’amakuru yo mu 2026 agaragara ku rubuga rwa Space.com, agaragaza ko ikoranabuhanga riteganywa gukoreshwa mu kohereza umuntu ku Kwezi rikomeje guhura n’inzitizi nyinshi, bigatuma hibazwa n’iba umuntu agiye ku Kwezi yatindayo, akanagaruka amahoro.

Urujijo ruracyari rwose, nanjye ndi umwe muri benshi bategerezanyije amatsiko menshi kubona umuntu ku Kwezi mu bihe bya vuba.